Natural biofilters for toxic metals

The following Science Paper highlights how ElectroHemp Phytoremediation Rafts can be used as Biofilters to clean pollution from water sources.

Phytoremediation Raft Infographic- Plants cycle water toxins when grown on Rafts

a wide variety of agricultural and forestry by products have been used as biosorbents of toxic metals in a bid to develop biofilters for specific applications Electronic Journal of Biotechnology: 

The added benefit of how ElectroHemp equips these rafts with Electrokinetics will actually increase the toxic contamination removal because of the forced migration of the toxins is directed towards the rafts and plants roots which growing on the Phytoremediation Rafts.

ElectroHemp Phytoremediation Raft designs can be designed to remove any number or combination of toxic pollutants found in water sources.

 Real Life Example phytoremediation raft design for the removal of Lead (Pb) from Water

A floating phytoremediation raft constructed of: waste tea leaves, Pinus pinaster bark, Olea europea, Acacia nilotica bark. Which has these plant examples growing on it: Kenaf, Water Lettuce, Alligator Weed create a combination of Natural Solutions in the detoxification of Lead (Pb) from water. Scotty, ElectroHemp 

Phytoremediation Science Paper link

• i) Cotton - Hg; Groundnut skins - Cu; 
• Tree Bark (Pinus, Acacia etc.) - variety of metals; 
• Agrowaste - variery of metals; 
• waste tea leaves - Pb, Cd, and Zn; 
• Pinus radiata -U; 
• Apple waste -Variety of metals; 
• Cellulose - Variety of metals; Rice hulls - Variety of metals; 
• Exhausted coffee grounds - Hg; 
• Pinus pinaster bark - Zn, Cu, Pb. Saw mill dust (wood waste)- Cr; 
• Freshwater green algae - variety of metals; 
• Marine algae- Pb, Ni; 
• ii) Sphagnum (moss peat) - Cr(VI); 
• iii) Immobilized Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae - Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni ; 
• Olive mill waste Olea europea Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Zn, Cu and Ni; 
• Streptomyces rimosus (bacteria); 
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast); 
• Penicillium chrysogenum (fungi), Fuscus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum (marine algae) Zn, Cu andNi; Phanerochaete chrysosporium, P. versicolar - Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu; Pinus radiata - U;
• Immobilized Pseudomonas putida 5-X and Aspergillus niger, Mucor rouxxi - Cu; 
• Actionomycetes, Aspergillus niger, A.oryzae, Rhizopus arrhizus, R. nigricans- Cd; Rhizopus arrhizus - Cr(VI), Pb; Rhizopus nigricans, Phanarochaete chrysogenum -Pb; Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus arrhizus - Ni 

Acacia nilotica bark serves as an adsorbent of toxic metals. Bark (1 g) when added to 100 ml of aqueous solution containing 10 mg ml-1 metal solution exhibited different metal adsorption values for different metals. The order of metal adsorption being Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd> As > Pb. A similar trend of metal adsorption was observed when the bark is reused (1strecycle) Cr > Ni > Cu > Cd > Pb and also in the column-sorption. In order to verify the metal removal property of A. nilotica bark, toxicity bioassay with Salix viminalis stem cuttings in hydroponic system augmented with Cd, Cr and Pb together with A. nilotica bark powder was carried out. The results of toxicity bioassay confirmed the metal adsorption property of the bark powder. The functions of toxicity studies include leaf area, root length and number of new root primordia produced per stump. The leaf area, root length and number of new root primordia increased considerably in the presence of A. nilotica bark. The order of metal toxicity for leaf area and new root primordial is Cd > Cr > Pb. However, for root length the order of metal toxicity is Cr > Cd > Pb. The metal budgets of the leaf and root confirmed that the bark powder had adsorbed substantial amount of toxic metals and thus, alleviates the toxicity imposed by the various tested elements (Prasad et al. 2001).

Quercus ilex L. phytomass from stem, leaf and root as adsorbent of chromium, nickel, copper, cadmium and lead at ambient temperature was investigated. The metal uptake capacity of the root for different metals was found to be in the order of: Ni > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr; stem Ni > Pb> Cu > Cd > Cr and leaf Ni > Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr. The highest amount adsorbed was Ni (root > leaf > stem). Data from this laboratory demonstrated that Ni is mostly sequestered in the roots where concentrations can be as high as 7.30 nmol/g dry weight, when one year old seedlings were treated with Ni (2000 mg/l) in pot culture experiments, compared to 0.13 nmol/g dry weight, in the control. This proves that the root biomass of Q. ilex has the capacity for complexing Ni. Chromium exhibited the least adsorption values for all the three types of phytomass compared to other metals. The trend of adsorption of the phytomass was similar for nickel and cadmium i.e. root > leaf > stem. Desorption with 10 mM Na2 EDTA was effective (55-90%). Hence, there exists the possibility of recycling the phytomass. The biosorption results of recycled phytomass suggests, that the selected adsorbents are reusable (Prasad and Freitas, 2000).

ElectroHemp Organic Remediation: Using Trees to Clean Up Pollution Cristina Negri

Update Sep 2, 2017- My question:

 "Is this what happened to all the Milk they didn't use at Chernobyl?" 

•  

• Black Americans have been targeted for years -- from the very beginning and continue to be targeted and the 'Diabolical Ones' have done it with the help of the mentally challenged white segment of people who have helped them with their racist hate.
  We NEED to help each other in this country -- We NEED to WAKE UP and be UNITED in this country -- We NEED to UNDERSTAND -- That to the Puppet Masters -- We, the 99% -- ALL of the 99% -- Black, White, Hispanic, Jews, Gentiles, Native Americans, Gay, Straight, etc -- we are ALL Negros in their eyes and WE are ALL collateral damage and expendable as we are classified as 'bottom feeders'. Patricia Ameno

• The second video https://youtu.be/_qux8NEalzc shares info on nuclear-contaminated milk from Chernobyl. 

video talks about EPA visit to Chernobyl. She mentions: They couldn't use the milk from the local cows because the grass absorbs the nuclear contamination- a process called phytoremediation- plant absorption of the toxins.

Basically, the Cows ate the contaminated grass and it passed onto the milk. 

ElectroHemp Organic Remediation: Using Trees to Clean Up Pollution Cristina Negri: Eye Opening Discussion on Phytoremediation- the stuff that was most appealing to me started at 31:00 and talks about phytoremediation o...

Healthy Environments Require Citizen Scientists

The recent email from the USDA.blog is a perfect example of how everybody can and is making a difference in creating a healthy environment by actively partaking in Citizen Science activities.

A couple of interesting points were made and really jumped out and encouraged me to share this message to everyone who is being negatively affected by the environmental warnings that happen in Nature.  

Simple fact: if it negatively affects the natural environment- it also negatively affects you and your health.

- "Organizations rely on so-called best available science for management decisions....the best Scientific Information does not necessarily come from peer-reviewed scientific publications"

The full article that appeared in the 

Citizen Science is Sound Science Provided by You

Posted by Stephanie Dromerick, Ecosystem Management Coordination Intern, U.S. Forest Service, on August 19, 2016

ElectroHorticulture and Phytotechnologies Reduce Heavy Metals in Soil

3 Electrokinetic coupled Phytotechnology articles that support the ElectroHemp phytoremediation techniques the team has developed.

Taking it one step further by growing the plants in a greenhouse ensures that cross contamination and public exposure is eliminated. see the ElectroHemp BioRad Disposal Infol

Coupled electrokinetic remediation–Bioremediation

Electrokinetic enhancement on phytoremediation in Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd contaminated soil using potato plants

Abstract

The use of a combination of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation to decontaminate soil polluted with heavy metals has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. Potato tubers were planted in plastic vessels filled with Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd contaminated soil and grown in a greenhouse. Three of these vessels were treated with direct current electric field (DC), three with alternative current (AC) and three remained untreated as control vessels. The soil pH varied from anode to cathode with a minimum of pH 3 near the anode and a maximum of pH 8 near the cathode in the DC treated soil profile. There was an accumulation of Zn, Cu and Cd at about 12 cm distance from anode when soil pH was 5 in the DC treated soil profile. There was no significant metal redistribution and pH variation between anode and cathode in the AC soil profile. The biomass production of the plants was 72% higher under AC treatment and 27% lower under DC treatment compared to the control. Metal accumulation was generally higher in the plant roots treated with electrical fields than the control. The overall metal uptake in plant shoots was lower under DC treatment compared to AC treatment and control, although there was a higher accumulation of Zn and Cu in the plant roots treated with electrical fields. The Zn uptake in plant shoots under AC treatment was higher compared to the control and DC treatment. Zn and Cu accumulation in the plant roots under AC and DC treatment was similar, and both were higher comparing to control. Cd content in plant roots under all three treatments was found to be higher than that in the soil. The Pb accumulation in the roots and the uptake into the shoots was lower compared to its content in the soil.

• Electrokinetic, 
• phytoremediation, 
• contaminated soil, 
• heavy metals,
• potato plant, 
• zinc, 
• lead, 
• cadmium

Abstract

Electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation is an innovative technology to decontaminate heavy metal contaminated soil. In this study, the effect of electric current on plant growth and speciation of soil heavy metals has been investigated by pot experiments, and the remediation processes of electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation has been discussed. After Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grew for 35 d, four voltage gradients (0, 1, 2, 4 V cm⁻¹) of direct-current (DC) were applied timely (8 h d⁻¹) across the soils for 16 d. The extractable soil metals by different extraction methods had a significant redistribution from the anode to the cathode after the treatments. Simple correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients of the extractable soil metals with root metals were better than that with shoot metals. Plant uptake of metals increased by the electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation, and a medium voltage gradient of 2 V cm⁻¹ was the best due to the highest metal accumulation in the plant. Voltage gradient was the most important factor in affecting the plant growth, soil properties and metal concentrations in the soil and plant.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

► We study the change of soil properties in different soil sections after experiments. ► Impact mechanism of the combined technique on metal uptake by plant is investigated. ► The extractable soil metals has a significant redistribution form anode to cathode. ► The highest metal accumulation of plant is in the treatment of 2 V cm⁻¹. ► Voltage is the foremost factor in affecting the metal contents in soil and plant.

Key words

• Electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation; 
• Heavy metals; 
• Indian mustard; 
• Chemical speciation

Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 86881180; fax: +86 25 86881000.

Effects of electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation of a multiple-metal contaminated soil on soil metal bioavailability and uptake by Indian mustard  (Citations: 1) 

Long Cang, Hui Xu

Electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation is an innovative technology to decontaminate heavy metal contaminated soil. In this study, the effect of electric current on plant growth and speciation of soil heavy metals has been investigated by pot experiments, and the remediation processes of electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation has been discussed. After Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grew for 35d, four voltage gradients (0, 1, 2, 4Vcm−1) of direct-current (DC) were applied timely (8hd−1) across the soils for 16d. The extractable soil metals by different extraction methods had a significant redistribution from the anode to the cathode after the treatments. Simplecorrelation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients of the extractable soil metals with root metals were better than that with shoot metals. Plant uptake of metals increased by the electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation, and a medium voltage gradient of 2Vcm−1 was the best due to the highest metal accumulation in the plant. Voltage gradient was the most important factor in affecting the plant growth, soil properties and metal concentrations in the soil and plant.

DualPost: Nuclear Cleanup Taxes-Lisa Gibbs on EPA

Lisa Gibbs give telling arguments on how big business experiments on the Public when the Government Agencies such as the EPA turn a blind eye.



The video where she talks about the St Louis Westlake Landfill and the health and safety concerns of the local residents. starts around 13.10 and goes on to talk about thinking out of the box by the Westlake Landfill Group who asked for the United Nations assistance in suing the EPA.



FYI the Manhattan Project nuclear waste was created for the Atomic Nuclear Bomb in St Louis during the Manhattan Project and dropped on Japan long ago, which President Obama just brought to the forefront of the news media on his last visit to Japan.







Spice Solar shares this tidbit of info:


New nuclear technology and safety procedures will hopefully prevent another disaster (although that’s what we thought after TMI). But what happens at a plant that isn’t crippled by a disaster? Surprisingly, even cleaning up existing nuclear plants is outrageously expensive. Ever wonder why every electric bill has a line item called “Nuclear Decommissioning?” It costs about $750 million to shut down existing plants in a process that can take 20 years or more. Around the world, nuclear plant operators have budgeted over $1 trillion dollars to clean up existing nuclear reactors (think about how many solar panels and batteries we can buy for $1 trillion dollars).

Once they are up and running, the economics of a nuclear plant are pretty good. But they are expensive to build, expensive to decommission, and outrageously expensive to clean up after a disaster. Compare that to a “solar spill” – which is basically a very sunny day. For these economic reasons, from a utility’s perspective the pendulum has swung completely way from nuclear power towards solar. Please join me on this week’s Energy Show as we delve into the long term costs of nuclear energy.

http://cinnamonsolar.com/resources/energy-show-on-kliv/

Cinnamon Solar – “Energy Show” Podcasts

The Energy Show on KLIV radio and the Renewable Energy World Network is a weekly 30 minute talk show every Sunday morning at 11 AM that provides money-saving advice and tips on ways to reduce your energy consumption. As....

How is this helping our StLouis Neighbors?

While working on a Startup Business http:electrohemp.org that will save lives in the St Louis Region. I approached a Startup Group who works in a well known St Louis College. They are interested in the ‪#‎biotech‬, ‪#‎cleantech‬, and ‪#‎Agriculture‬ inventions the Team has developed and developing.

The "ElectroHemp's" Teams goals: are to save lives and help our immediate community by improving the quality of life for those affected by the Nuclear Waste that is illegally buried at ‪#‎WestlakeLandfill‬ and the ‪#‎ColdwaterCreek‬areas of the Region.

The team has figured out how to cycle the toxins from the ground faster than has been previously done with a Natural System. And then dispose of these toxins which are made inert ie: "non hazardous". This process is accomplished by using natural and organic resources.

At first, I was thrilled to get the offer for assistance. Until I read the fine print on the cost of their "so-called" help: 5-10 times the original investment to be paid back in 5 years.

Believe me I emailed back: "I understand that everyone needs to make money, did I catch that right and you guys wanted a, ROI x 5 in 5? The Country Boy in me wants to dicker a lil here and point out:

"We are helping our Neighbors in the St Louis Region" And possibly saving our friends, family, and selves from being infected by cancer causing nuclear radiation. A ROI x 2 or 3 in 5 would make the spreadsheet tolerable. Even if its Grant money the biz gets to operate on. That Grant money came from Tax Dollars< Our Money.""

ROI x5 to help our Neighbors. What kind of help is that? Who are they really trying to help?

URGENT!! PLEASE SHARE THIS WITH YOUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS.

This concerns all people throughout the World. Nuclear Waste may not be in your backyard ...yet. We are in dire need of your help! The article below was written by the Attorney General of Missouri. West Lake Landfill is located in Bridgeton, MO. This landfill contains illegally dumped nuclear waste from the Manhattan Project which created the first atomic bomb. There is an underground fire burning just hundreds of feet from the radioactive material. The landfill sits on the New Madrid Fault, at prime risk for an earthquake, It is 1.2 miles from the Missouri river and the ground water has recently become its own Superfund site. It is located in an area known as tornado alley. St. Louis Lambert Airport is less than 6 miles from West Lake Landfill. It is surrounded by businesses and subdivisions. It is heavily populated. The EPA just released a study showing the radioactive waste is more widespread than they thought. We have a bill in the House of Representative, H R 4100, to turn the clean up of this waste over to the U S Army Corps of Engineers. This is our best hope. But Congressman Frank Pallone is holding up the bill. It has passed the Senate so we really need it to pass the House. Please call Congressman Pallone and ask him to support H R 4100. 732-571-1140 is his New Jersey office and 202-225-4671 is his Washinton D C office. You can also send a message to two of his staffers,Janice.Fuller@mail.house.gov and/or Brian.Laughlin@mail.house.gov. Any help is greatly appreciated. We need to unite across the World and stop nuclear production before we destroy our planet.       Facebook             Terra Johnson- Douglas, James Patrick and 6 others posted in West Lake Landfill.       Terra Johnson- Douglas March 25 at 10:06am